Oneriology

**__~Oneirology~ The Greek word onerio means, "dream" By: Jackie Choucair and Remy Guasque __** Oneirology is the study of dreams with a scientific framework. This study is a relatively new discipline. There are studies that have taken affect, but it is not fully explained. //"You have to make your life a dream in order to make your dreams become a reality."//

__**Founders- **__   __**What was //Oneirocritica, // by Artemidorus of Daldis, based on? **__ //Oneirocritica// is known as "the original dream dictionary." Artemidorus of Daldis interviewed thousands of people to ensure accurate results. They questioned many people about their dreams and sleep pattern. Artemidorus believed that dreams fell into two categories: one reflected the dreamer's current situation (Enhypnia) and the other type of dream predicted the future (Oneiroi). "People who live an upright, moral life do not have //enhypnia// or any other irrational fantasies, but rather //oneiroi// and generally ones that are directly predictive."
 * In the 1950s, Kleitman and Aserinsky were one of the first founders of the REM sleep and the sleep cycle.
 * Freud used the term “Oneirology” in the interpretation of dreams
 * Artemidorus of Daldis (Daldianus) wrote //Oneirocritica,// a work of 5 books dedicated to the interpretation of dreams.

__**Carl Jung 1875-1961- **__ Carl Gustav Jung is one of the most famous Swiss psychologists of all time. He was one of Sigmund Freud's co-workers, but didn't necessarily always agree with him. His main emphasis in psychology was the study of dreams. Jung discovered many theories. He believed that dreams are about life, and they help us grow. He interpreted about 80,000 dreams and pressed the importance of balance and harmony. He traveled throughout the world emphasizing the understanding of unconscious realms. He was a young colleague of Freud and was especially knowledgeable in the fields of mythology, religion, and philosophy. He was a master at dream interpretation due to his experience with the ancient traditions of Gnosticism, Alchemy, Kabala, and similar traditions in Hinduism and Buddhism. Jung made sense of the unconscious, and its habits by revealing it into symbolic form. He claimed that his mind was home to lucid dreaming and occasional visions. Jung's theory was divided into three parts: ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. Jung identified the conscious mind with ego. Personal unconscious is closely related, but includes anything that isn't presently conscious. Collective unconscious is what makes his theory stand out from the others. It claims that as a species we are born with a "pool" of knowledge from our experiences. We only know about it from indirect observation because it mainly influences emotional experiences and behaviors. __**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(243,134,27); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Two main fields- **__ <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> __**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(227,26,244); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Predictive and Non-predictive Dreams- **__ <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes of dreams
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Content and interpretation of dreams
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Three types of predictive dreams
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//horama// or visio- literal predictive dream, which shows the events just as they are going to happen
 * //oneiros// or somnium- allegorical dream, which requires an interpretation of its symbols
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//chrematismos// or oraculum- apparition of God or another person who foretells the future
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Two types of non-predictive dreams
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//enupnion// or insomnium- dream without predictive value
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//phantasma// or visum- dream containing a frightening apparition
 * __<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(234,16,97); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Do you know what the most common dreams are? __**
 * Death of a loved one
 * Embarrassment of being naked
 * Failing exams
 * Being chased
 * Missing an important event due to being late

__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(87,162,239); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Do you know why you forget your dreams? **__ <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sometimes we can remember parts of our dreams vividly in the morning, but by the end of the day, we only have a few remnants of the dream we had that morning. The number one reason for forgetting your dreams is not getting enough sleep. Everyone should sleep for at least eight hours. Another reason that we cannot store our dreams in our memory is because we are so used to the pattern of dreaming and then forgetting it. Some dreams don't have a strong emotional feeling, meaning that they are too weak to remember. Also, we forget our dreams because we only remember things that have occurred repeatedly in our mind. Unorganized dreams are often much harder to recall because the brain does not comprehend disorderly information well. Make sure you have a well balanced diet! Poor nutrition is another reason for forgetting your dreams. On the other hand, some dreams can stay in our minds for years! Did you know that people who lack an interest in their dreams often forget them more frequently? Recite to yourself, "I will remember my dream" before you go to sleep and you should be able to remember it easier.

__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(43,227,65); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">What really happens when you fall asleep? **__ Kleitman and Aserinsky were the first to discover what really happens when you sleep. They called the complex process of the mind the sleep cycle. Sleep does not just "switch" your mind off. A normal night's slumber consists of an alternating cycle of REM and NREM sleep. REM stands for rapid eye movement. NREM stands for non-rapid eye movement. REM sleep is often referred to as a paradoxical sleep. It is when numerous and vivid dreams occur and the brain is most active during this time. NREM sleep is divided into four stages, making a combination of five stages. Together, they last about ninety minutes and repeat several times through the night. Most people actually wake briefly at the end of each cycle, but don't remember. Some poor sleepers may wake fully. __**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(251,4,242); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">The five stages of NREM sleep- **__
 * 1) "Drifting off"; it lasts about ten minutes. As you progress in the sleep cycle, your sleep becomes slowly deeper.
 * 2) Mind starts to shut down more completely
 * 3) The gateway to a heavy sleep.
 * 4) The final stage generates the most repair and rest. The first deep sleep period of the night is the longest and deepest.
 * 5) Then the cycle reverses itself back to stage 2, until you enter REM sleep.



Scientists that believe in this theory think that d reams are just random brain activity, and the interpretation of dreams is pointless. Hobson and McCarley presented this theory in 1977. It states that dreams are merely the brain’s reaction to random biological processes during the sleeping state. Studies show that electrical signals pass through the brain before we go into the REM sleep and during it. The brain then tries to make sense of the random brain waves, and dreams became the result.
 * __<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(65,149,236); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Activation-synthesis theory- __**

Normally, an oneirologist earns masters in psychology. Many are clinical psychologists who have an interest in dream interpretation. They might get a specialized degree in that course. Stanford offers a class in dream interpretation. Anyone can have an interest in remembering their dreams, and understanding them without a prestigious degree.
 * __<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255,0,0); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Careers in Oneirology- __**

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//**__<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Sources: __**//<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Barrows, Andrew. "Carl Jung." __Minnesota State University, Mankato__. 11 Mar. 2009 <http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/fghij/jung_carl.html>.
 * //__INFORMATION:__//**

Dr. Boeree, George C. "CARL JUNG." __CARL JUNG__. 2 Mar. 2009 <http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html>.

Dr. Dewey. "Why Dreams Are Forgotten After Waking." __Why Dreams Are Forgotten After Waking__. 9 Mar. 2009 <http://www.psychwww.com/books/interp/chap01d.htm>.

"Dream Central's Unique Method of Dream Analysis." __Dream Central's Unique Method of Dream Analysis__. 7 Mar. 2009 []. Lahanas, Michael. "Artemidorus of Daldis and Oneirology." 9 Mar. 2009 <http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Artemidorus.htm>.

Mann, Molly. "Seven Common Dreams and What They Mean." __Welcome to DivineCaroline__. 11 Mar. 2009 [].

Mendham, Trevor. "Artemidorus and the Oneirocritica." __Artemidorus and the Oneirocritica__. 7 Mar. 2009 <http://www.here-be-dreams.com/lore/artemidorus.html>.

Mendham, Trevor. "Oneirology." 10 Mar. 2009 <http://www.here-be-dreams.com/dreams/oneirology.html>.

Segaller, Stethen. "Carl Jung: The Wisdom of the Dream (1989)." __Carl Jung: The Wisdom of the Dream (1989)__. 10 Mar. 2009 <http://guide2.libertv.ro/guide/code/front/index.php?id_episode=7596>.

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